by michael daigle · 9 Jan 2024Have you been considering a DIY painting project around the house but unsure whether to use oil or latex paint? Both have their pros and cons, so it’s important to weigh them based on your needs and preferences before diving in. As you browse the paint aisle and see the variety of sheens and shades, the options can feel a bit overwhelming. But don’t worry, we’ve got you covered. In this post, we’ll break down the key differences between oil and latex paint to help determine which is right for your next painting adventure. Whether you’re looking to revamp your living room with a fresh coat of color or protect outdoor surfaces from the elements, the choice between these two popular paint types can make a big impact on the end result. Read on to find out which team - oil or latex - comes out on top for your project. The countdown begins!
Oil vs Latex Paint: An Overview
Oil-based paints have been around for centuries and are known for their durability and glossy finish. Latex or acrylic paint is a more modern alternative that provides its own set of benefits. Which is the right choice for your next painting project? Let's break it down.
Application
Oil paint requires the use of harsh solvents like turpentine for thinning and cleanup. Latex paint can be thinned with water and cleans up with soap and water, making it more user-friendly and environmentally friendly. Latex also dries faster, allowing you to apply multiple coats in one day. Oil takes longer to dry and requires more time between coats.
Durability
Oil paint forms a hard, glossy finish that stands up well to weather and wear. It provides superior protection for exterior surfaces like trim, doors, and siding. Latex paint is more flexible but less durable. It may chip or fade more quickly, requiring frequent touch-ups and recoats. Latex is best suited for interior walls and ceilings.
Appearance
Oil paint produces an ultra-smooth, glossy sheen that accentuates imperfections. It requires more extensive surface preparation to achieve an even finish. Latex provides a matte, eggshell or satin sheen that hides minor flaws. It applies more evenly with less prep work required.
Cleanup
As mentioned, oil paint requires the use of harsh chemicals to clean brushes and equipment. Latex paint cleans up with just soap and water, making the entire painting process more environmentally friendly and user-friendly.
In the end, both oil and latex paints have their place. For most DIYers and interior home projects, latex reigns supreme thanks to its easy application and cleanup. But when you need a durable, glossy finish, oil paint is still the best choice. By weighing the pros and cons, you can choose the right paint for your needs.
The Pros of Oil-Based Paint
Oil-based paint has been used for centuries and still has some advantages over latex.
Durability
Oil paint forms a hard, durable coating that stands up well to weather and wear and tear. Once dry, it creates an enamel-like surface that resists scratches, stains, and moisture. Oil paint is a great choice for trim, cabinets, and high-traffic areas in your home.
Enhanced Appearance
Oil paint has a smooth, glossy finish that provides depth and richness. The pigments in oil paint seem to glow, giving rooms a warm ambiance. Oil’s slow drying time also allows brushstrokes to level out, resulting in an ultra-smooth surface. For the most luxurious look, oil paint can’t be beat.
Compatibility
If you’re painting over existing oil-based paint, oil is the compatible choice. It will bond well to the layer below without requiring primer. Latex paint, on the other hand, requires an oil-based primer before painting over oil paint.
Of course, oil paint does have some significant downsides like strong fumes, long drying times, and the need for solvents. It’s also more prone to yellowing over time. For most DIYers and homeowners, latex paint is the more convenient, user-friendly option. But when you need the ultimate in durability and appearance, oil-based paint still comes through.
The Cons of Oil-Based Paint
Oil-based paint has been used for centuries, but it does have some downsides compared to latex paint.
Longer drying time
Oil paint can take up to 24 hours to dry completely. This means you’ll have to wait before applying a second coat or handling surfaces. The long drying time also means there’s more opportunity for dust and debris to stick to the paint, requiring extra cleanup. In comparison, most latex paint dries within a couple of hours.
Strong odor
The solvents in oil paint emit very strong fumes that can give you headaches and irritate your eyes, nose and throat. Ventilation and respiratory protection are must-haves. The odor also lingers for a long time even after the paint has dried. Latex paint has a much milder odor due to its water-based formula.
Harder to clean up
Cleaning oil paint from brushes and rollers requires the use of harsh solvents like paint thinner. These solvents have dangerous fumes and the cleanup process is time-consuming. Latex paint cleans up easily with just soap and water. No harmful chemicals needed.
Not ideal for some surfaces
Oil paint won’t adhere well to surfaces that are pre-primed for latex paint. It also isn’t suitable for painting over wallpaper or drywall joint compound. If used on these surfaces, oil paint is prone to cracking and peeling. Latex paint can be used on almost any surface, including drywall, concrete, wood, and metal.
Prone to yellowing
Over time, oil paint will develop a yellow tint due to oxidation. This color change is especially noticeable for lighter colors like whites. While latex paint can also yellow slightly over the years, the color change is much less dramatic. Using a paint with built-in UV protection can help minimize yellowing for both oil and latex paints.
In summary, oil paint does have some significant downsides related to drying time, odor, cleanup, and longevity that are worth considering before choosing it over the more user-friendly latex alternative. For most DIYers and casual re-painting projects, latex reigns supreme.
The Pros of Latex Paint
Latex paint has some significant advantages over oil-based paint. Here are some of the pros of using latex:
Cost
Latex paint is generally more affordable than oil-based paint. It’s cheaper to produce and transport since it’s water-based. This can save you a decent amount, especially if you’re painting a large area.
Ease of Use
Latex paint is also easier to work with. It’s simpler to apply because it dries faster, usually within 30 minutes. This means you can do multiple coats in one day without waiting hours between coats. Latex paint is also easier to clean up—you just need soap and water instead of harsh chemicals. And since it’s water-based, brushes and rollers can be cleaned with water.
Low Odor
Latex paint has a very mild odor compared to the strong smell of oil-based paints that contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The low odor makes latex paint ideal if you’re painting inside or in an enclosed space. There are no harsh fumes or vapors to contend with.
Safer and More Environmentally-Friendly
Latex paint is also safer and more eco-friendly. Since it’s water-based, it doesn’t release any toxic VOCs into the air. Latex paint cans and brushes can also be recycled at most home improvement stores. Oil-based paints, on the other hand, must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
Flexibility
Latex paint has more flexibility than oil-based paint. It can expand and contract with temperature changes, preventing cracking. Latex paint is also more durable and fade-resistant. It can last up to 15-20 years, whereas oil-based paint may only last 5-10 years before needing a new coat.
For the weekend DIYer or professional painter, latex paint offers some compelling benefits over the traditional oil-based option. While oil-based paint still has its place for certain applications, latex paint is an excellent all-purpose choice for most interior and exterior house painting needs.
The Cons of Latex Paint
While latex paint has a lot going for it, there are a few downsides to consider before choosing it over oil-based paint.
Longer drying time
Latex paint can take significantly longer to dry than oil-based paint. It may feel dry to the touch within a few hours, but it can take up to 30 days to fully cure. During this time, the paint is still soft and can easily scratch or dent. You’ll need to be extremely careful when moving furniture or doing any work around the newly painted area.
Less durable
Although latex paint technology has improved greatly, oil-based paint is still generally more durable and scratch-resistant. It forms a harder, more durable finish that stands up well to heavy traffic and wear and tear. Latex paint may start to show signs of damage sooner, especially in high-use areas like trim, cabinets, and doors.
Difficulty adhering to some surfaces
Latex paint has a hard time sticking to surfaces that are glossy or not properly primed. It can peel or chip off more easily. Oil-based paint, on the other hand, bonds very well to most surfaces, even those that are hard, glossy or not ideally prepared. So for painting over existing paint or wood stains, oil-based paint may have better adhesion.
Messier clean up
While latex paint cleans up easily with just soap and water, oil-based paint requires the use of harsh solvents like paint thinner. Cleaning brushes and spills requires ventilation and can be difficult. The strong smell of the solvents can also be unpleasant to work with.
Limited selection for certain uses
For some highly specialized applications like roofing, boat hulls or industrial uses, oil-based paints may still be required or have a better selection of products. So for these types of projects, you may have no choice but to deal with the downsides of oil-based paint.
In the end, you need to weigh the pros and cons of latex vs. oil-based paint for your specific project. For most DIY and interior home painting, latex paint will suit you perfectly well and is the more user-friendly, eco-friendly choice. But for certain needs, oil-based paint may still be preferred or required.
How to Choose Between Oil and Latex
When choosing between oil or latex paint, there are a few factors to weigh. Both offer pros and cons, so consider what qualities are most important for your specific project.
Oil-based paint contains solvents to keep the paint in liquid form, creating strong fumes that can irritate your eyes and respiratory system. Latex paint is water-based, so it has a mild odor and dries much faster. Latex is also easier to clean up with just soap and water.
Oil paint provides superior coverage in fewer coats and creates a smooth, durable finish. It takes longer to dry but levels out nicely, minimizing brush strokes. The slow drying time means you have more time to work with it. Oil paint is also heat resistant, so it's good for radiators, stoves, and outdoor furniture. However, the strong fumes mean ventilation is a must, and the hazardous solvents require specialized thinners and cleanup.
Latex paint is a good all-purpose choice for walls and trim. It's versatile, low-odor, and dries quickly, allowing for multiple coats in one day. However, latex may require an additional coat for the best coverage and isn't as durable or heat-resistant as oil. It can also raise the grain on wood trim, requiring extra sanding.
For the best results, consider the surface you're painting and how much time you have. Oil works well for wood and metal and provides a high-quality, long-lasting finish if you don't mind the fumes and slower dry time. Latex is ideal if low-odor and fast drying are priorities, even if it may require an extra coat. In the end, the right choice comes down to your specific needs and preferences for the project.
Tips for Prepping Surfaces for Oil and Latex
Prepping your surfaces properly before painting is key to getting professional results. Whether you choose oil-based or latex paint, following these tips will help you avoid common mistakes.
Clean Thoroughly
Wipe down walls to remove any dirt or grease. Fill any holes or cracks, then lightly sand rough areas. Vacuum trim and corners to pick up dust. For the best adhesion, surfaces should be clean and smooth.
Primer
For major color changes or bare wood and drywall, applying a primer is a must. Primer seals the surface and provides a uniform base coat. Use a primer suited for your paint type - oil-based primer for oil paint, latex primer for latex. Two coats of primer are usually needed for bare surfaces.
Patch Imperfections
Inspect walls and ceilings closely for any imperfections like holes, cracks or water damage. Patch and seal these areas so they don’t show through your new paint job. For small cracks, use a paintable latex caulk. For holes and dents, apply drywall compound or spackle and sand smooth.
Tape Carefully
Use painter's tape to protect trim, windows and floors. Press tape firmly to surfaces to prevent bleeding. Remove tape as soon as you’re done painting while the paint is still wet. This will ensure clean, sharp lines. Pulling off dried tape can damage your new paint job.
Sand Lightly (oil-based only)
If using oil-based paint, lightly sand glossy surfaces like trim to rough them up. This gives the oil paint something to grip onto. Wipe away dust with a tack cloth before painting. No sanding is needed for latex paint.
Final Wipe Down
Just before painting, go over the entire area one more time with a tack cloth to pick up any remaining dust or debris. Your surface is now prepped and ready for a flawless paint application. Take your time preparing the area, and your patience will pay off with professional-looking results.
Caring for Surfaces Painted With Oil and Latex
Once your surfaces have been painted, you’ll want to properly care for them to maximize the life of your new paint job. The specific steps you’ll need to take depend on whether you used oil-based or latex (water-based) paint.
Oil-based paints require more time to dry and cure, so you’ll need to wait longer before putting items back in place or exposing the surface to heavy use. It can take 3 to 7 days for oil paint to dry enough for light use, and up to 30 days to fully cure. During this time, avoid scrubbing or washing the surface. Ventilate and consider using fans to reduce lingering paint odors.
Latex paint dries much faster, usually within 2 to 4 hours. You can start light use after 24 hours, but avoid heavy abrasion for 7 days. Cleaning latex-painted walls or trim is fine after a week or so. When washing, use a mild detergent and soft cloth or sponge. Avoid harsh chemicals which can damage the paint.
For either type of paint, touch up any spots you missed as soon as possible. Seal exterior surfaces, especially porous areas like concrete, to protect from weathering. Clean brushes and rollers thoroughly after use according to the product instructions. Properly stored brushes and rollers can often be reused for a second coat.
Protecting your newly painted surfaces will help ensure an attractive and long-lasting finish. By following the recommended care and cure times, you’ll avoid potential damage or wear and enjoy your fresh new paint job for years to come. Your home will look as perfect as when the final brushstroke was made.
Oil vs Latex Paint FAQs
You’ve decided to tackle a painting project, but can’t decide between oil-based or latex paint. Both have their pros and cons, so here are some common questions to help determine which is right for your needs.
What are the main differences between oil and latex paint?
Oil paint contains solvents to dissolve and spread the pigments, while latex paint uses water as the solvent. Oil paint takes longer to dry, has a strong odor, and requires the use of solvents for cleanup. Latex paint dries faster, has little odor, and cleans up with just soap and water.
Which provides better coverage?
Oil paint generally provides better coverage in fewer coats. It has a higher pigment load, so it hides imperfections and coats surfaces more evenly. Latex paint may require an additional coat to achieve an even finish.
Which is more durable?
Oil paint forms a hard, glossy finish that is very durable and stain-resistant. It stands up well to frequent cleaning and scrubbing. Latex paint is more flexible but less durable. It can scratch or dent more easily and may need to be recoated more often.
Can I paint over existing oil or latex paint?
You can paint over existing oil paint with either oil or latex paint, but you must prime first for proper adhesion. Latex paint can only be painted over with latex or a primer and then the topcoat of your choice. Never paint latex directly over oil paint without priming first.
Which is easier to work with?
Latex paint is easier to work with for DIYers and professionals alike. It has a thinner consistency, so it goes on more smoothly, drips and runs less, and dries faster between coats. Latex paint is also easier to clean up since it's water-based. Oil paint requires the use of harsh solvents to thin and clean up, and it has a strong odor that can linger.
In the end, both oil and latex paints have their strengths. For most DIY interior projects, latex paint is the more user-friendly choice. But for high-traffic or exterior areas where maximum durability is important, oil paint may be worth considering, if you don’t mind the extra work involved. The final decision comes down to your specific needs and preferences for your painting project.
Final Thoughts
So there you have it, the major pros and cons of oil and latex paints laid out for you. At the end of the day, you have to weigh all the factors and determine what's most important for your specific project. If you want something that covers well in one coat, dries fast, and cleans up easy with soap and water, latex is probably your best bet. But if you're after rich depth of color and a smooth, durable finish, oil-based paint is hard to beat. Whichever direction you go, be sure to properly prep your surfaces, use high quality tools and paint, and take your time. The results will be well worth the effort. Now get out there and start painting! The transformation will be so satisfying once complete.