by michael daigle · 9 Jan 2024Table of Contents
Have you ever walked into an old historic building and felt instantly transported to another era? The details in the architecture, woodwork, and paint colors all work together to create an authentic sense of place. When restoring an old building, choosing a historical color palette is one of the most impactful decisions you can make to maintain the integrity of the structure. Using colors that were historically accurate to the time period helps preserve our architectural heritage and allows visitors to connect with the past. In this post, we'll explore how to research, choose, and apply authentic historical paint colors that will make your restoration project shine. By the end, you'll be well on your way to uncovering the vibrant colors of the past and bringing new life to old buildings.
Understanding the Importance of Historical Color Palettes
Understanding the importance of historical color palettes is key to any authentic restoration project. The colors you choose reflect the era and architectural style, bringing life back to the space.
Researching Original Color Schemes
Dig into archives for photos, paint samples, or written accounts of the original colors. Old paint layers, wallpapers, or stencils hidden under newer finishes can also provide clues to what was there before. Get an expert analysis of any samples to determine the pigments and mixes that were used.
Recreating those authentic shades may require custom color matching. While major paint companies offer historical collections, the specific hues you need may need to be formulated. Work with professionals experienced in restoration and conservation to get it right.
Respecting the Architecture
The color palette should enhance the building's character. Colors that were popular when it was built will complement its style. For example, Colonial buildings often used earth tones, while Victorians incorporated bolder hues like forest green, burgundy or navy blue.
Using too many colors or the wrong shades can make a space feel chaotic and detract from its historic appeal. Stick to a cohesive palette of 2-4 colors for the major architectural elements. Accent walls or trim in contrasting shades should be done tastefully.
Protecting the Restoration Investment
Once you've put in the work to restore the original colors, protect that investment. Use historically accurate paint types, like linseed oil paint, that expand and contract with the building materials. Apply protective sealants. And schedule regular inspections and touch-ups to prevent damage from water, sunlight, or temperature changes.
Maintaining the building's historic integrity through authentic color palettes preserves it for generations to come. Your careful restoration will allow others to appreciate its unique history and architecture.
Researching Original Colors and Finishes
Researching a building’s original colors and finishes is an important first step in any restoration project. Where do you start? Check architectural drawings, paint analysis, and period documents.
Architectural drawings
If you’re lucky, the original blueprints for your building may still exist. These contain specs for materials and color codes that provide clues to the original color scheme. Local historical societies or city archives are good places to search for these relics from the past.
Paint analysis
Have samples of existing paint layers analyzed to determine the original colors. Microscopic paint chips reveal the sequence of colors applied over time. Specialized labs can analyze these chips to identify pigments and binders, matching them to historic color palettes.
Period documents
Research publications from the era of your building’s construction. Paint company records, home journals, and mail-order catalogs of the time offer a glimpse into popular color trends and the names of historically accurate shades. Accounts from newspapers and letters also describe color preferences of the period.
Matching a building’s original color scheme requires diligent detective work. But uncovering and using authentic historical colors in your restoration project helps preserve the integrity of the architecture and honors its place in time. The end result will be worth all the effort.
Identifying Architectural Style and Time Period
To restore a building to its historical roots, you need to identify its architectural style and time period. This will guide your color palette selections to ensure an authentic look.
Victorian era (1837-1901)
Popular during the reign of Queen Victoria, Victorian homes were all about ornate details. Bright colors like deep reds, forest greens and navy blues were common, especially for trims and accents. Walls were often more muted stone colors or patterned wallpapers. For a faithful Victorian restoration, do research on the trends of the specific time period like Gothic Revival or Italianate.
Arts and Crafts (1880-1910)
The Arts and Crafts movement focused on simple, organic designs using local materials. Earthy, natural tones were preferred for walls, like sage green, terra cotta and ochre yellow. Trim was usually left unpainted wood. Stained wood accents, handcrafted tilework and nature-inspired stencils were also typical. Choose a color palette directly from historic Arts and Crafts references for the most authentic restoration.
Midcentury modern (1933-1965)
The postwar Midcentury modern style emphasized minimalism, open layouts and seamless indoor-outdoor living. Walls were often white or light neutrals to create an airy, spacious feel. Bright accent colors were used sparingly, such as a single bold wall or furnishings in cherry red, teal or sunny yellow. For an authentic midcentury modern restoration, opt for a pared-down color palette in pastel or primary shades.
Restoring a historic building is a challenging but rewarding endeavor. By identifying the architectural style and researching trends of the era, you can develop an authentic color palette that respects the home’s history. With the right colors and materials, you’ll be well on your way to reviving the original character and spirit.
Consulting Historical Paint Analysis and Documentation
Consulting historical paint analysis and documentation is key to an authentic restoration. Historical societies, local libraries, and university archives are great resources for finding records related to your building’s original paint colors. These may include:
- Paint chips from original construction. Some buildings actually have samples of the original paint colors used. If available, these provide a direct reference for the shades and hues that would have been used.
- Specification sheets. Architects often provided detailed specifications for paints, stains and other finishing materials. These records can indicate the type of paint (oil-based, limewash, etc.), sheen (flat, satin, glossy), and in some cases actual color names and pigment details.
- Historic photographs. Carefully analyzing historic photos of your building can provide clues to the original color scheme. Look for areas where the paint or underlying surface is exposed or weathered. The tones and hues can then help guide your color selection.
- Period paint color guides. Major paint companies published color cards and sample books showing the range of colors offered in a particular era. Consulting resources from the time your building was constructed is extremely helpful. Many of these guides are available online or in archives.
- Local examples. Look at other buildings from the same time period in your area. Neighborhoods were often developed using a coordinated set of architectural details and paint colors. Nearby structures can serve as a reference for the color themes and combinations that would have been common when your building was built.
The more documentation and references you can find, the more informed your color choices will be. Combining multiple sources will provide the clearest direction for an authentic restoration of your building’s original color scheme. With patience and research, you can revive the history in the hues.
Selecting Colors That Are Historically Accurate
To choose colors that accurately reflect the time period of your historic restoration project, do some research into popular pigments and dyes that were used when the building was originally constructed. Many resources are available to determine typical color palettes from different eras.
Look at Existing Elements
Examine any original architectural details that still remain like trim, doors, floors or staircases. The colors used on these elements can help determine an appropriate palette for that time period. You may need to do paint chip analysis or microscopic paint analysis to identify original colors.
Study Historic Color Collections
Many paint companies offer historical color collections based on time period. Brands like Benjamin Moore, Sherwin Williams, and Farrow & Ball have color palettes spanning different centuries. Viewing these can help spark ideas and point you to shades that were popular when your building was built.
Check Historic Paint Analysis Resources
Some resources analyze paint colors used in historic buildings. The Historic Paint Colors website allows you to research Federal, Victorian and Arts & Crafts era paint colors. The Painted Ladies Color Collection and Victorian Heritage Paint Collection also provide analysis of colors used in Victorian-era architecture. The Colonial Williamsburg color collection is a great resource for 18th century paint colors.
Consider Regional Influences
The colors used in historic buildings were often influenced by locally available materials and dyes. Research the popular architectural styles, building materials and natural pigments in your region during the era of your building. This can uncover colors that would have been commonly used in your area.
By investigating these resources, you’ll develop an eye for shades and combinations that were popular when your building was originally built. Selecting a historically accurate color palette will help ensure an authentic restoration and preserve the historical integrity of the structure. With the wide range of resources available today, you can confidently choose colors that reflect the time period you want to honor.
Sourcing Authentic Pigments and Materials
When restoring a historic building, using authentic materials and pigments is key to maintaining architectural integrity. Finding accurate historical colors and paints requires research into what was originally used in that time period and region.
Digging Into the Past
Search archives, records, and documents from when the building was constructed to determine what colors and paint types were popular. Analyze any remaining paint chips or layers. Check with local museums or historical societies to access their resources.
Natural or Synthetic?
For the most authentic results, use natural mineral or organic pigments and binders that were available when your building was built. Natural ochres, ultramarines, and vermilion were common for exteriors. Interior walls often used whitewash or limewash. As chemical dyes and paints were introduced, aniline dyes and alkyd or linseed oil paints became popular.
bespoke or Off-the-Shelf?
For highly customized results, work with companies that specialize in traditional paints and plasters using natural ingredients. They can custom mix paints to match your specific color needs. Off-the-shelf options from major paint brands may work for some applications but check if they use historically-accurate pigments and binders. Some brands now offer historical color collections using traditional formulas.
Testing and Trials
Create samples of different color options on inconspicuous areas of the building. View them at different times of day to see how natural light impacts the color. Get input from others to determine what looks most historically appropriate. Testing also allows you to evaluate factors like adhesion, texture, and durability before full application.
With time and patience, you can source authentic materials to bring history back to life in your restoration project. Paying close attention to period-specific details will result in colors that not only look historically accurate but are formulated as they were centuries ago. Your building will thank you for it!
Applying Paints and Finishes With Period-Appropriate Techniques
When restoring a historical building, it’s important to apply paints and finishes using techniques that are period-appropriate. This helps ensure an authentic look and preserves the architectural integrity of the structure.
Brushes and Rollers
Use brushes and rollers that were available during the time period you’re restoring. For most restorations pre-1950, that means natural bristle brushes and sheepskin rollers. Synthetic brushes and rollers won’t achieve the same finish and sheen. Hand brushing also often yields superior results to spraying for historical accuracy.
Paint Formulas
Use historically accurate paint colors and formulas. Many major paint companies offer restoration paint lines based on historical records and samples. Linseed oil-based paints were common pre-1950 and provide a durable yet breathable finish. Latex and acrylic paints are modern and won’t have the same look or performance.
Multiple Coats
Historically, multiple thin coats of paint were applied, rather than one or two thick coats. Thin coats, with sanding between, help achieve an even finish and hide brush strokes. Expect to apply at least 3-4 coats of primer and 2-3 coats of finish paint to resemble a traditional look.
Distressing Techniques
Once the final coat of paint has dried, you may want to employ distressing techniques like rubbing away paint on edges and carvings, or lightly sanding corners and moldings. This helps make a new paint job appear old and worn-in. Use fine-grit sandpaper and rub in the direction of the wood grain.
Protecting the Finish
To protect the new historical paint finish and keep it looking authentic for years to come, apply two coats of breathable clear topcoat like tung or linseed oil. Reapply every 3-5 years. Avoid using modern sealants like polyurethane which can yellow over time and alter the appearance.
With some patience and the right techniques and materials, you’ll be well on your way to an authentic historical restoration. Take your time—there’s no need to rush through the process. Do it right the first time and you’ll have results that stand the test of time.
Educating Clients on Benefits of Historical Color Palettes
Educating your clients on the benefits of using authentic historical color palettes for restoration projects is key. Many homeowners may not fully appreciate how impactful historically-accurate colors can be.
Preserving History
Using paint colors that were originally used in a home maintains its historic integrity. The colors selected when the home was first built were deliberately chosen to complement the architectural style. Maintaining the original color scheme helps ensure the home's history is not lost.
Increasing Property Value
Homes with well-preserved historic details, like original woodwork, windows, and color schemes, tend to hold their value better over time. Prospective buyers interested in historic homes will pay more for a property that retains its original character. Using a historical color palette is an easy way to achieve an authentic look that appeals to this target market.
Creating a Cohesive Look
Matching existing historic colors creates a cohesive look both inside and outside the home. The color schemes were carefully selected to work together, highlighting architectural details. Modern color palettes may clash with these historic details and disrupt the home's original cohesive style.
Easier Decision Making
Choosing paint colors can be an overwhelming process with endless options to consider. Relying on a home's original color palette simplifies the selection process. Homeowners can feel confident the colors will work well together since they were originally designed that way. There is no need to worry how multiple new colors will look side by side.
Educating clients on these significant benefits will help them see the value in maintaining the historic integrity of their home through the use of authentic color palettes. While new and trendy colors may seem appealing in the moment, historic colors stand the test of time and help ensure a property remains a treasured part of history for generations to come.
FAQ on Using Historical Color Palettes in Restoration Projects
When restoring a historical building, choosing an authentic color palette is key to preserving its character. Here are some common questions about using historical colors:
What resources are available to find historical color palettes?
There are many resources for researching period-appropriate color palettes, including:
- Historical paint analysis of existing buildings from the same era. Paint chips and samples can be analyzed to identify original colors.
- Historic color collections from companies like Benjamin Moore, Sherwin Williams and Farrow & Ball. Many offer paint colors from different eras like Colonial, Victorian, Arts & Crafts, etc.
- Digital archives like the Library of Congress, National Archives and museums. They often have images, paint catalogs and other documents showing colors popular during different periods.
- Historic preservation organizations frequently publish research on historical color palettes for restoration. Check with local and national groups for resources specific to your building's location and era.
How do I choose colors that are historically accurate?
Focus on colors that were popular for your building's architectural style and era. Also consider what colors were historically available and affordable at the time based on paint technologies. For example, certain vibrant greens, bright reds and deep purples were not possible until the mid-19th century. Stick to muted, earthy tones for earlier periods.
Once you've researched options, test the colors on your building to ensure an authentic look. View samples in natural lighting at different times of day to see how they change. Pick colors that highlight your building's architectural details and bring out its historic character.
What if I want to use historical colors but with a modern twist?
You can adapt historical palettes to modern tastes using accent colors or variations in tone and saturation. For example, use a historic color for the main exterior but accent it with a complementary modern shade. Or opt for lighter, brighter tones of traditional colors for a fresher look. The key is to maintain the overall historic feel by grounding the color scheme in research about palette options authentic to your building's era.
By understanding historical color palettes and applying them with care and creativity, you can restore the rich character of your building's past. Choosing colors that are historically respectful yet meet modern needs will result in a restoration that both honors the architecture of yesterday and celebrates its place in today's world.
Final Thoughts
As you can see, using authentic historical color palettes in restoration and preservation work is so important to maintaining the integrity of our architectural history. By taking the time to do thorough research and analysis, you'll be able to make color choices that are period-appropriate and help bring a building back to life. While it may require more work upfront, the end result will be well worth the effort. So next time you take on a restoration project, don't cut corners when it comes to color - do it right and choose a palette that pays homage to the past. Our historic buildings deserve nothing less. By honoring the original colors and all the stories they have to tell, you'll be preserving history for generations to come.